Pigeonpea is significantly more than just a delicious pulse
Pigeonpea: Alternate uses
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21921/jas.v8i03.1661Keywords:
Cajanus cajan, fodder, folk medicine, green vegetable, lac production, soil conservationAbstract
Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.], a popular pulse crop of rainfed tropics and sub-tropics, is predominantly grown for its high protein grains under mixed or pure stands. In India, where pigeonpea is grown on over 5.0 m ha, the entire produce is transformed into decorticated splits (dal) for marketing and consumption. Besides this, different parts of the plants are also used in several other ways which directly or indirectly contribute positively towards sustainable rural agricultural system. These include fresh vegetable, animal fodder and feed, soil conservation, folk medicine, lac and fuelwood production, thatch roofing, basket making, and the like. The authors in this paper have attempted to bring all such scattered information together for the benefit of those concerned with the overall pigeonpea research, development, production, and utilization.
References
Ae N, Arihara J, Okada K, Yoshihara T and Johansen C. 1990. Phosphorus uptake by pigeon pea and its role in cropping systems of the Indian subcontinent. Science 248 (4954):477-480.
Ahsan R and Islam M. 2009. In vitro antibacterial screening and toxicological study of some useful plants (Cajanus cajan). Euro J Sci Res 41:227-32
Bashir S and Ahmad B. 2019. Effect of pigeon pea green manuring and nitrogen on performance of wheat crop. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture 35(2):467-475.
Benezara MV and Barroeta MA. 1953. A preliminary investigation of Quinchoncho (Cajanus indicus). Revta. Fac Agric Uni Cent Venez, 1:211-215
CABI, Crop protection compendium, 2006 edition. CAB International Publishing, Wallingford
Chang Shu-Ting Chang. 2008. Overview of mushroom cultivation and utilization as functional foods. In: Peter C. K. Cheung (Ed), Mushrooms as functional foods, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, p. 260.
ChaoHong Z, Zhenghong L, Saxena KB, Jianqiu Z, Yong G, ShiYing Y and XuXiao Z. 2001. Traditional and alternative uses of pigeonpea in China. International Chickpea and Pigeonpea Newsletter (8):55-57.
Choudhary AK and Nadarajan N. 2011. Breeding improved cultivars of pigeonpea in India. Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India.
Choudhary AK, Iquebal MA and Nadarajan N. 2012. Protogyny is an attractive option over emasculation for hybridization in pigeonpea. SABRAO Journal of Breeding & Genetics 44 (1): 138-148
Choudhary AK, Kumar R, Saxena KB and Singh AK. 2020. Post-rainy season pigeonpea holds promise for the diversification of cropping systems: Post-rainy pigeonpea to diversify cropping systems. Journal of AgriSearch, 7(3):115-120.
Choudhary AK, Raje RS, Datta S, Sultana R and Ontagodi T. 2013. Conventional and molecular approaches towards genetic improvement in pigeonpea for insects resistance. American Journal of Plant Sciences 4:372-385
Choudhary AK, Sultana R, Pratap A, Nadarajan N and Jha UC. 2011. Breeding for abiotic stresses in pigeonpea. Journal of Food Legumes 24(3):165-174.
Cook BG, Pengelly BC, Brown SD, Donnelly JL, Eagles DA, Franco MA, Hanson J, Mullen BF, Partridge IJ, Peters M, Schultze-Kraft R. 2005. Tropical forages. CSIRO, DPI&F (Qld), CIAT and ILRI, Brisbane, Australia.
Corriher VA, Hill GM, Bernard JK, Jenkins TC, West JW and Mullinix Jr BG. 2010. Pigeon peas as a supplement for lactating dairy cows fed corn silage-based diets. Journal of dairy science 93(11):5309-5317.
da Silva RLNV, de Araújo GL, do Socorro EP, Oliveira RL, Garcez Neto AF and Bagaldo AR. 2009. Levels of forage watermelon meal in diets for sheep. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 38(6):1142-1148.
Daniel JN and Ong CK. 1990. Perennial pigeonpea: a multi-purpose species for agroforestry systems. Agroforestry systems 10(2):113-129.
Derrong Z and Wenliang L. 1985. Study on Moghania acrophylla (willd.) Oktze - a shrub host of lac insect. Page 53. In: Paper collections of Lac Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Forestry 1955- 85
Dhilioh RS, Sinoh A and Parmar AS. 1970. Studies on the establishment of young mango grafts with various green shelters. Punjab Horticultural Journal 10(3/4):213-221.
Dihua C, Huiying L and Hui L. 1985. Research on chemical compositions of pigeonpea leaf. Chinese Herbal Medicine 16(10):432-437.
El-Hack ME, Swelum AA, Abdel-Latif MA, Toro DM and Arif M. 2018. Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) as an alternative protein source in broiler feed. World's Poultry Science Journal 74(3):541-548.
Elzaki OT, Khider TO and Omer SH. 2012. Pulp and papermaking characteristics of Cajanus cajan stems from Sudan. Cellulose 46:47-31.
European Union Energy Initiative. Malawi biomass energy strategy. 2009. Eschborn, Germany. European Union Energy Initiative.
FAO, 2016. Grassland Index. A searchable catalogue of grass and forage legumes. FAO, Rome, Italy
FAOSTAT (2018) http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data
Faris DG, Saxena KB, Mazumdar S and Singh U. 1987.Vegetable pigeonpea: a promising crop for India (No. Folleto 11554).
Foster JL, Adesogan AT, Carter JN, Blount AR, Myer RO and Phatak SC. 2009. Intake, digestibility, and nitrogen retention by sheep supplemented with warm-season legume hays or soybean meal. Journal of Animal Science 87(9):2891-2898.
Ganeshan. 2008. Traditional oral care medicinal plants survey of Tamil Nadu. Nat. Pro. Rad. 7:166-172
Ghosh J, Lohot VD, Singhal V, Ghosal S and Sharma KK. 2014. Pigeonpea-Lac insect interaction: Effect of lac culture on grain yield and biochemical parameters in pigeonpea. Indian J. Genet 74(4):644-650
Gonzalez JM, Borrero G and Quintero VE. 1990. Evaluation of three replacement percentages of commercial feed concentrates with pigeon pea hay on rabbit feed value. Acta Agronomica (Colombia) 40(1-2):196-200.
Goswami DN and Sarkar PC. 2010. Processing of lac. In: Baboo B, Goswami DN (eds) Processing, chemistry and applications of lac. ICAR-Directorate of Information and Publications of Agriculture, New Delhi, pp 12–28
Gowda CLL, Srivastava RK, Saxena KB and Kumar RV. 2011. Vegetable Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L) Millspaugh]
Henke LA, Work SH, Burt AW. 1940. Beef cattle feeding trials in Hawaii. University of Hawaii, Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 85. Honolulu, Hawaii USA.
Herrera PG and Croder IV 1953. Influence of cutting on the forage yield of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan). Agriculture Trop 19: 521-531
Høgh-Jensen H, Myaka FA, Sakala WD, Kamalongo D, Ngwira A, Vesterager J, Odgaard R. and Adu-Gyamfi JJ. 2007. Yields and qualities of pigeonpea varieties grown under smallholder farmers’ conditions in Eastern and Southern Africa. African Journal of Agricultural Research 2(6):269-278
ICRISAT. 1986. Annual Report 1985, Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India
IGFRI, 2015. IGFRI Vision 2050. https://www.igfri.res.in/cms/Publication/Miscellaneous/IGFRI,%20Jhansi%20(Vision%202050).pdf
Jianyun Z and Yun W.1998. A preliminary study on producing plywood bonded with MD-1 pigeonpea glue. China Forest Industry 6:7-8.
Kakimoto T, Fujisaki K and Miyatake T. 2003. Egg laying preference, larval dispersion, and cannibalism in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 96(6):793-798.
Kumar P. 1988. Evaluation and improvement of arhar for lac and pulse production, Annual report, ILRI: 35
Kumar Rao JVDK, JK, Dart PJ and Sastry PVSS. 1983. Residual effect of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) on yield and nitrogen response of maize. Experimental Agriculture 19(2):131-141.
Lisa L and Kaigui D. 1980, The preliminary study on quantity of brood lac under per tree of pigeonpea - the fine host plant. Developing Status of Lac Production 4:18–23
Mane VP, Patil SS, Syed AA and Baig MMV. 2007. Bioconversion of low quality lignocellulosic agricultural waste into edible protein by Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B 8(10):745-751.
Mansfield G. 1980. December. Processing and marketing of green pigeonpea: the case of the Dominican Republic. In International Workshop on Pigeonpeas (Vol. 1, pp. 344-350).
Miller CD, Branthoover B, Sekiguchi N, Deming H,Bauer A. Vitamin value of foods. 1956
NDDB 2012. Nutritive value of commonly available feed and fodders in India. Animal Nutrition Group, National Dairy development Board, Anand, Gujarat India.
Nene 1990, yellow book
Omanga PA and Matata JBW. 1987. Grain legume production in Kenya. In Research on Grain Legumes in Eastern and Central Africa. Summary, Proceedings of the Consultative Group Meeting for Eastern and Central African Regional Research on Grain Legumes, 8–10 December 1986, 51–56. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ILCA
Omer ME and Omer SA. 2016. Effect of feeding different levels of pigeon peal (Cajanus cajan) and season, on carcass characteristics of Nubian goat kids. Int. J. Sci. and Res 5 (5):1380-1384
Pal D, Mishra P, Sachan N and Ghosh AK. 2011. Biological activities and medicinal properties of Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp. Journal of advanced pharmaceutical technology & research 2(4):207.
Patil SB, Goyal A, Chitgupekar SS, Kumar S and El-Bouhssini M. 2017. Sustainable management of chickpea pod borer. A review. Agronomy for sustainable development 37(3):1-17.
Phatak SC, Nadimpalli RG, Tiwari SC and Bhardwaj HL. 1993. Pigeonpeas: Potential new crop for the southeastern United States. New Crops. Wiley, New York 597-599
Prasad N. 2014. Final Report of NAIP sub-project on “A Value Chain on Lac and Lac based Products for Domestic and Export Markets”. Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Namkum, Ranchi
Radhika V, Kost C, Boland W and Heil M. 2010. The role of jasmonates in floral nectar secretion. PloS one 5(2):e9265
Rao SC and Northup BK. 2012. Pigeon pea potential for summer grazing in the southern Great Plains. Agronomy journal 104(1):199-203
Roonwal MS. 1962. Lac host, in A Monograph on Lac. Indian Lac Research Institute, Namkum, Ranchi
Saritha KV, Prakash B, Khilare VC, Khedkar GD, Reddy YM, Khedkar CD. 2016. Mushrooms and Truffles: Role in the Diet. Encyclopedia of Food and Health, 1–8
Saxena KB and Kumar RV. 2020. Arresting Soil Erosion in Hilly Terrains with Pigeonpea-The Chinese Experience. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 9(6):896-898.
Saxena KB, Ravishankar K, Vijaya Kumar R, Sreejith KP and Srivastava RK. 2010. Vegetable pigeonpea–A high protein food for all ages.
Shaomei S, Yumei S, Fuji L and Peigen X. 1995. Research on pharmacodynamics effect of cajanin. Chinese Herbal Medicine 26: 147-148
Sharma KK, Chowdhury AR and Srivastava S. 2020. Chemistry and Applications of Lac and Its By-Product. Natural Materials and Products from Insects: Chemistry and Applications 8:21
Sharma KK, Jaiswal AK and Kumar KK. 2006. Role of lac culture in biodiversity conservation: issues at stake and conservation strategy. Current Science 894-898.
Shiying Y, Wen P, Xuxiao Z, Zhenghong L, Chaohong Z, Saxena KB and HanChao L. 2001. Pigeonpea: a potential fodder crop for Guangxi Province of China. International Chickpea and Pigeonpea Newsletter 8:54-55.
Shrama KK and Ramani R. 2013. Evaluation of Arhar (Cajanus cajan) varieties for intensive lac cultivation on plantation scale, Proc. A National Symposium on Recent Advances in Beneficial Insects
Singh C, Chauhan PA, Parmar VN and Thakur D. 2017. Nutritional evaluation of total mixed ration comprising of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) straw in cattle. J of Entomology and Zoology Studies 5(6): 2605-2610
Snapp SS, Rohrbach DD, Simtowe F and Freeman HA. 2002. Sustainable soil management options for Malawi: can smallholder farmers grow more legumes?. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment 91(1-3):159-174.
Speedy A and Pugliese PL.1992. Legume trees and other fodder trees as protein sources for livestock (No. 633.3/S742). FAO.
Squibb RL, Falla A, Fuentes JA and Love HT.1950. Value of Desmodium, Pigeonpea fodder, and Guatemalan and United States alfalfa meals in rations for baby chicks. Poultry Science 29(4):482-485.
Tautges NE, Borrelli K, Burke IC and Fuerst EP. 2018. Nitrogen fertility effects of alfalfa, pea green manure, and poultry manure on organic wheat productivity in a semiarid climate. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems 42(2):169-188.
Tiwari AK, Abhinay B, Babu KS, Kumar DA, Zehra A and Madhusudana K. 2013. Pigeon pea seed husks as potent natural resource of anti oxidant and anti hyperglycaemic activity. International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP) 7(3)
Upadhyay B, Dhaker AK and Kumar A. 2010. Ethnomedicinal and ethnopharmaco-statistical studies of Eastern Rajasthan, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 129(1):64-86.
Upadhyaya HD, Reddy KN, Gowda CLL and Singh S. 2010. Identification and evaluation of vegetable type pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) in the world germplasm collection at ICRISAT genebank. Plant Genetic Resources, 8(2):162-170.
Valenzuela H 2011. Pigeon pea: A multipurpose crop for Hawaii. Hanai'Ai/The Food Provider, March-April-May edition 1-8.
van der Maesen LJG. 2006. Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. In Brink M , Belay G (Eds), Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 1. Cereals and Pulses, Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, Netherlands
Verma P, Kumar V, Parashar M and Deepshikha. 2020. Biochemical estimation of fractionated milling by-product of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.). International conference on Pulses as Climate Smart Crops: Challenges and Opportunities. ICPulse2020 Feb 10-12, 2020
Wallis ES, Faris DG, Elliott R and Byth DE. 1986. Varietal improvement of pigeonpea for smallholder livestock production systems.
Woolf AB and Ferguson IB. 2000. Postharvest responses to high fruit temperatures in the field. Postharvest Biology and Technology 21(1):7-20.
Yogesh K, Satisha S and Sharma SK. 2009. Abundance of insect visitors and nectar sugar production in two cultivars of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] flowers at Hisar (Haryana). Annals of Biology 25(1):53-58.
Yogi RK, Kumar Alok and Singh AK. 2016. Lac, Plant Resins and Gums Statistics 2016: At a Glance. ICAR-Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Ranchi (Jharkhand), India. Bulletin (Technical) 2018, No. 19/2018. 01-80
Yude C, Kaiwei H, Fuji L and Jie Y. 1993. The potential and utilization prospects of kinds of wood fodder resources in Yunnan. Forestry Research 6: 346-350.
Yunzheng Z, Yiehou L, Shixiang L and Jifen X. 1980. Preliminary study on population trial on pigeonpea. Developing Status of Lac Production 4:19-21.
Zu YG, Liu XL, Fu YJ, Wu N, Kong Y and Wink M. 2010. Chemical composition of the SFE-CO2 extracts from Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth and their antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo. Phytomedicine 17(14):1095-1101.
AICRPP. 2019. Project Coordinator’s Report. ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur 208 024, Uttar Pradesh.
